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Mar Thoma I
Mar Thoma I, also known as Valia Mar Thoma, was the first native bishop of the Puthencoor faction of the Malankara Church. He is also considered to be the founder of the Orthodox Churches in India. He was appointed Archdeacon of the undivided Malankara Church of St, Thomas Christians in India by Archbishop of Crangannore Stephen De Britto after the death of Archdeacon George of the Cross, on 25 July 1650, when he was 30 years old, led the Church to the Coonan Cross Oath on 3rd January 1653 and to the subsequent schism in their Church. After the Coonen Cross Oath, he was elected as a Bishop by Malankara Yogam (Association) and consecrated invalidly at St. Mary's Church Alangad, by the laying of hands by 12 priests in the year 22 May 1653. Any how, the archdeacon began to exercise powers of Episcopal order, though he openly tried to obtain valid Episcopal consecration as a Bishop.His valid canonical Episcopal Consecration as a Bishop happened in the year 1665 (The exact date and place of this event is not yet known).
==Introduction==
Thomas the Apostle arrived to Kerala to preach the gospel to the Jewish community. Some of the Jews and locals became followers of Jesus of Nazareth. They were known as Malabar Nasrani people and their church as Malankara Church. They followed a unique Hebrew-Syriac Christian tradition which included several Jewish elements and Indian customs.
In Malankara (Present Kerala) St. Thomas did not appoint any bishops, but an elder (Mooppen in Malayalam) was selected to lead the people. The parish leader was called Edavaka Mooppen and the church as a whole had a Malankara Mooppen. This was the tradition till AD 1599, when the Malankara Church of St. Thomas Christians in India, formally became part of the Roman Catholic Church by the Synod of Diamper (Udayamperoor). After the Synod of Diamper three Jesuit Archbishops ruled their Church until AD 1652. The Archdeacons continued to function under these Archbishops.
The Malayalam versions of the Canons of the Synod of Diamper〔Five of the Malayalam versions were available in 1952.〕 use the title Malankara Moopen for the Archdeacon throughout the report except in three places where they use the Latin word ''archidiaconus''.〔Daniel, K. N. Canons of the Synod of Diamper, prepared using five of the available Malayalam versions.〕〔Antonio de Gouvea (1606) ''Jornada do Arcebispo Aleixo de Menezes quando foy as Serra do Malaubar''.〕 There is no chance for the Malankara Church to use this Latin word. Portuguese were not familiar with the Malayalam wording Malankara Mooppen and so they might have used ''archidiaconus''. The Malaylam name ''Jathikku Karthavian'', given by some historians was not used in the Malayalam version of the canons.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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